About Book

Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewerage systems, pipelines, structural components of buildings, and railways. In the field of construction and particularly in civil engineering, organic materials are essentially perceived as bonding additives. These types of materials include adhesive for concrete, mortar and asphalt for road surfacing, polymers for formulating products for repair and structural gluing or admixtures for a more compact concrete. Civil engineering is a broad profession, including several specialized sub-disciplines; its history is linked to knowledge of structures, materials science, geography, geology, soils, hydrology, environmental science, mechanics, project management, and other fields. This book presents wide descriptions of organic materials and applications of civil engineering, in terms of their scientific and technical background. It discusses in detail the different concepts and theories like nanochemistry, solid state, inorganic materials, new organic materials, femtosecond laser lithography, computational design and engineering constants. It attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under the discipline of civil engineering and how such concepts have practical applications. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex principles and practices in the field of ceramic science and engineering. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Parameter Recognition of Engineering Constants of CLSMs in Civil Engineering Using Artificial Neural Networks........................1

Abstract...................................................................................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................2

2. Problem definition and data preparation.........................................3

3. Parameter recognition using BPANN...............................................9

4. Parameter recognition using RBFNN..............................................18

5. Conclusions..........................................................................................20

Chapter 2 Recent Advances in Computational Design of Organic Materials for Corrosion Protection of Steel in Aqueous Media.....................25

1. Introduction..........................................................................................25

2. Brief theoretical background of Density Functional Theory

(DFT)......................................................................................................31

3. DFT based chemical reactivity indicators......................................33

4. Commonly used DFT softwares......................................................37

5. Some recent studies of inhibitor design using DFT reactivity

indices....................................................................................................41

6. Future developments..........................................................................50

7. Conclusion............................................................................................53

Acknowledgements.............................................................................53

Chapter 3 Femtosecond Laser Lithography in Organic and Non-Organic Materials......................................................................................................58

1. Introduction..........................................................................................58

2. Femtosecond laser lithography in organic photoresists..............61

3. Laser processing of non-organic materials....................................74

4. Conclusions..........................................................................................84

Chapter 4 Exciplex Electroluminescence of the New Organic Materials for

Light-Emitting Diodes.............................................................................92

1. Introduction..........................................................................................92

2. EL spectra of OLEDs based on sulphanilamino-substituted

zinc-chelate complexes .....................................................................94

3. The PL spectra of the films containing blends of zinc complex

and of hole-transporting material..................................................100

4. Elimination of exciplex emission for the devices based on zinc

complexes with amino-substituted ligands ................................101

5. The relation between intrinsic and exciplex bands in the devises

containing NPD/Zn(TSA-BTZ)2 interface ....................................103

6. White OLEDs based on zinc complexes with amino-substituted

ligands ................................................................................................106

7. Conclusions........................................................................................108

Chapter 5 pH-Sensitive Nitroxide Radicals for Studying Inorganic and

Organo-Inorganic Materials and Systems........................................115

1. Introduction........................................................................................115

2. Experimental......................................................................................118

3. Results and discussion. Acid-base equilibria of inorganic and

organo-inorganic materials and systems ....................................127

4. Conclusions........................................................................................149

Acknowledgement ...........................................................................151

Chapter 6 Organic Materials in Nanochemistry ...............................................158

1. Introduction........................................................................................158

2. Nanotechnology ...............................................................................161

3. Features of nanoparticles: “Activation of particle surface” ...164

4. Evaluation of size of nanoparticles ..............................................165

5. Properties of nanoparticles and size effect .................................165

6. Existing conditions of particles and their properties ...............169

7. Wet technologies for the formation of organic

nanostructures ..................................................................................170

8. Elemental and chemical composition of organic/inorganic

nanostructures ..................................................................................174

9. Polymers ............................................................................................179

10. Nanocomposites ...............................................................................184

11. Polypyrrole ........................................................................................188

12. Polypropylene ...................................................................................191

13. Application of polypropylene derivatives in synthesis of

nanomaterials ...................................................................................199

Chapter 7 Novel Problems in the Solid State Cathodoluminescence of

Organic Materials ..................................................................................217

1. Introduction........................................................................................217

2. Classification of electric field induced luminescence according to

mode of excitation............................................................................218

3. Characterization of SSCL.................................................................222

4. The special feature of SSCL lies in the accumulation of hot

electrons energy.................................................................................230

5. The prospect of SSCL.......................................................................237

Citation......................................................................................................241

Index...........................................................................................................243

About Author

Ricky Crosby finished his Ph.D. in Civil and Environmental Engineering from Public University of Technology, Sydney. Now he is working as Research Associate at Centre for Technology, Gisborne. His research interests are in materials science, geography, design, implementation of risk management processes, strategies and systems. Crosby is an active member of several scientific and technical societies, where he shares his expertise and knowledge in the concerned field. He has also written numerous technical papers and articles on environmental protection, urban development and forest management.