About Book

Nanotechnology is the science of studying and manipulating supra molecules, atoms and molecules. It is called ‘nano’ because it deals with the matter sized between 1 to 100 nanometers. This field is highly used in various areas like molecular engineering, organic chemistry, semiconductor physics, surface science, microfabrication, molecular biology, etc. Nanoscience and nanotechnology involve the ability to see and to control individual atoms and molecules. Today's scientists and engineers are finding a wide variety of ways to deliberately make materials at the nanoscale to take advantage of their enhanced properties such as higher strength, lighter weight, increased control of light spectrum, and greater chemical reactivity than their larger-scale counterparts. Nanotechnology may be able to create many new materials and devices with a vast range of applications, such as in nanomedicine, nanoelectronics, biomaterials energy production and consumer products. With applications in fields such as biomedicine, renewable energy and synthetic materials, the research in this book will provide experimentalists, professionals, students, and academics with an in-depth understanding of nanoscience and its impact on modern technology. It concentrates on translational research, drug development, nanotechnology tools, food industry, semiconductors and drug delivery systems. The topics included in it are of utmost significance and are bound to provide incredible insights to readers. Constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult concepts of nanobiotechnology, as easy and informative as possible, for the readers. This book is meant for, who are looking for an elaborate reference on nanotechnology and its various uses.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Application of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery............................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................1

2. Nanoparticles as delivery systems....................................................3

3. Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)..............................................................5

4. Toxicity of AuNPs...............................................................................15

5. Conclusions & future.........................................................................18

Acknowledgements.............................................................................19

Chapter 2 Anticipating Market Introduction of Nanotechnology-Enabled Drug Delivery Systems...........................................................................34

1. Introduction..........................................................................................34

2. Constructive technology assessment & scenario workshops.....37

3. Setting the scene: Nanotechnology in the drug delivery

sector......................................................................................................43

4. Workshop results................................................................................46

5. Conclusions..........................................................................................57

Acknowledgements.............................................................................59

Chapter 3 Application of Nd:YAG Laser in Semiconductors’ Nanotechnology.........................................................................................62

1. Introduction ........................................................................................62

2. Applications of laser redistribution of atoms ..............................64

3. Application of selective laser annealing ......................................77

4. Summary ............................................................................................85

5. Acknowledgment ...............................................................................85

Chapter 4 Nanotechnology and Food Industry....................................................91

1. Introduction..........................................................................................91

2. Potential applications of nanotechnology in the agro-food

industries..............................................................................................94

3. Nanotechnology challenges.............................................................113

4. Conclusions........................................................................................122

5. Acknowledgement ...........................................................................123

Chapter 5 Nanotechnology Tools for Efficient Antibacterial Delivery to

Salmonella ...............................................................................................137

1. Introduction........................................................................................137

2. Liposomes for antisalmonellosis drug delivery..........................140

3. Polymeric nanoparticles for antisalmonellosis drug delivery..150

4. Metal nanoparticles as antisalmonellosis agents........................157

Chapter 6 Nanotechnology Based Targeted Drug Delivery: Current Status

and Future Prospects for Drug Development ................................177

1. Introduction........................................................................................177

2. Nanotechnology mediated drug delivery systems.....................178

3. Nanotechnology and cancer............................................................182

4. Nanodelivery of therapeutics to central nervous system

(CNS) ..................................................................................................191

5. Nanotechnology and pulmonary drug-delivery systems ........199

6. Nanoparticle mediated antiretroviral therapy ...........................203

7. Conclusion..........................................................................................205

Chapter 7 Translational Research on Breast Cancer: miRNA, siRNA and

Immunoconjugates in Conjugation with Nanotechnology for

Clinical Studies ......................................................................................227

1. Introduction........................................................................................227

2. MicroRNAs .......................................................................................229

3. Nanoparticles in breast cancer translational research...............237

4. Nanoparticles in clinical studies for breast cancer therapy.....242

5. Summary.............................................................................................244

Chapter 8 Exploring the Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems for

AIDS Treatment ....................................................................................253

1. Introduction........................................................................................253

2. Surfactant systems ...........................................................................255

3. Polymeric nanoparticles...................................................................262

4. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) ..................................................266

5. Challenges involving clinical trials of antiretroviral drug delivery

systems................................................................................................267

6. Conclusion..........................................................................................268

7. Acknowledgment .............................................................................268

Chapter 9 Nanotechnology and Ethics: Assessing the Unforeseeable ........277

1. Introduction........................................................................................277

2. What is new?.....................................................................................280

3. The scientific paradigm and its implications .............................281

4. Some ethical approaches: A typology .........................................289

5. Conclusion .........................................................................................295

6. Acknowledgment .............................................................................297

Citation......................................................................................................303

Index..........................................................................................................305

About Author

Matthew Hamsun obtained his Ph.D. in Nanoscience and Technology from Technical University, Dublin. He has contributed numerous articles and book chapters in the field of molecular nanotechnology, nanoengineering and nanoelectronics. He is a Visiting Professor at University College, Manitoba. His research interests are in manufacturing, materials and mechanical engineering. He has been awarded the “Distinguished Faculty Lecturer” award for his excellence in education. He has attended numerous scientific conferences and symposiums; and has presented 10 papers in the vast field of nanotechnology.