About Book

Nanomaterials have been widely explored in recent years and have demonstrated promising applications in various fields. Nanomaterials are composed of structures at the nanoscale, usually achieved via specifically designed self-assembly processes. They acquire unique electronic, optical, mechanical, magnetic, catalytic properties, which cannot be achieved without their nano-architecture. Such advanced nanomaterials provide unprecedented opportunities for tuning their properties in a very broad range. It is an actively developing field of modern research with a wide spectrum of applications ranging from nanoelectronics and energy harvesting to biology and nanomedicine. The scope of advanced nanomaterials comprises, without being limited to, nanoparticles, nanocatalysts, nanoporous materials, nanocomposites and nanoscale technologies. Nanomaterials are coming into use in healthcare, electronics, cosmetics and other areas. This book presents a concise overview of the nanomaterials, while integrating facets of physics, chemistry, and engineering. It summarizes the fundamentals and technical approaches of nanomaterials. This book focuses on noble metal nanomaterials, silicon fluorescent nanomaterials, thermal spray applications, carbon nanomaterials, ionic liquids, current status and future scope. It addresses microscopy techniques, functional biomimetic deviceand antiproliferative effects. In the book, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult concepts of this field as easy and informative as possible for the readers.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Cytotoxic and Antiproliferative Effects of Nanomaterials on Cancer Cell Lines: A Review.................................................................................1

Abstract...................................................................................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................2

2. Physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials and their

influence on toxicity.............................................................................3

3. The selective toxicity of nanomaterials on in vitro cancer cell

models.....................................................................................................5

4. Conclusion............................................................................................19

Chapter 2 Design, Assembly, and Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials into Functional Biomimetic Device Systems.........29

Abstract.................................................................................................29

1. Introduction: functional biomimetic materials and devices.......30

2. 2D materials enable sensing, actuation, and communication....35

3. Functional biomimetic devices based on 2D materials...............42

4. Outlook and perspective...................................................................49

Chapter 3 Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques in Nanomaterials Characterization at NASA Glenn Research Center..........................57

Abstract.................................................................................................57

1. Introduction..........................................................................................57

2. Aerogels................................................................................................60

3. CNT/polymer nanocomposites.........................................................63

4. Graphene/Cu-based nanocomposites..............................................65

5. Porous SnO2 nanostructures.............................................................68

6. CNT Yarns............................................................................................70

7. WSi2/SiGe composites.........................................................................74

Acknowledgements.............................................................................77

Chapter 4 Applications of Ionic Liquids (ILs) in Synthesis of Inorganic

Nanomaterials............................................................................................86

1. Introduction..........................................................................................86

2. Advantages of ILs in synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials......87

3. Development of ILs in synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials...89

4. Concluding remarks.........................................................................106

Chapter 5 Current Status and Future Scope for Nanomaterials in

Drug Delivery..........................................................................................116

1. Introduction........................................................................................116

2. Significance of nanomaterials in drug delivery..........................117

3. Various nanoscale drug delivery systems....................................119

4. Applications of Nanoscale drug delivery systems.....................125

8. Drug delivery with the help of empty virus capsid.................130

9. A glimpse to future of nanosize drug delivery systems..........131

10. Conclusion..........................................................................................133

Chapter 6 Carbon Nanomaterials – A New Form of Ion Exchangers .........140

1. Introduction........................................................................................140

2. Problem statement ...........................................................................142

3. Carbon nanomaterials as anion and cation exchangers ..........142

4. Functionalisation of carbon nanotubes .......................................143

5. Acid and base treatment of carbon nanotubes .........................146

6. The effect of heteroatom doping on the ion exhange properties

of carbon nanotubes .......................................................................147

7. Carbon nanotubes as selective ion exchangers ...........................148

8. Conclusion ........................................................................................148

Nomenclature: ..................................................................................148

Chapter 7 A Solid State Approach to Synthesis Advanced Nanomaterials for

Thermal Spray Applications ...............................................................152

1. Introduction........................................................................................152

2. Solid state synthesis of thermal spray powders .......................153

3. Advanced materials and related thermal spray coatings .......156

4. Conclusion ........................................................................................182

Chapter 8 Carbon and Silicon Fluorescent Nanomaterials ............................189

1. Introduction........................................................................................189

2. Synthesis of carbon and silicon nanomaterials...........................191

3. Fluorescence mechanism of silicon and carbon

nanomaterials ...................................................................................192

4. Multiphoton excitation phenomenon ..........................................195

5. Applications of carbon and silicon nanomaterials ...................196

6. Perspectives .......................................................................................202

7. Acknowledgments ...........................................................................202

Chapter 9 Controlled Fabrication of Noble Metal Nanomaterials via

Nanosphere Lithography and Their Optical Properties...............209

1. Introduction........................................................................................209

2. Size and shape controlled fabrication of nanomateials via

NSL .....................................................................................................211

3. Investigation of optical properties of specific noble metal

nanoparticles and nanoarrays by the combination of NSL

and multi-hierarchy arrayed micro windows ...........................220

4. Microfluidic biosensing system based on NSL and microfluidic

reactor fabrication ............................................................................227

5. Fabrication of hierarchically ordered nanowire arrays on

substrates by combination of NSL and Porous anodic alumina

(PAA)...................................................................................................230

6. Solution phased nanomaterials by the releasing of nanoparticles

fabricated by NSL.............................................................................233

7. Perspective for the NSL in the controlled fabrication of

nanomaterials.....................................................................................239

8. Acknowledgement ...........................................................................240

Citation...............................................................................................245

Index....................................................................................................247

About Author

Pablo Florencio-Silva obtained his Ph.D. in Materials Science from Science University, Manila. His expertise revolved in the fields of material science and environmental engineering focused on industrial and hazardous waste treatment and management. Pablo is serving as a Senior Science Research Specialist of Science and Technology in a Joint Research Program at Ho Chi Minh City. He has attended numerous educational conferences and symposiums and has presented 12 papers. He is on the editorial board of several renowned journals, and has contributed over 60 technical papers and 4 reference books.