About Book

The basis of materials science involves studying the structure of materials, and relating them to their properties. The major determinants of the structure of a material and thus of its properties are its constituent chemical elements and the way in which it has been processed into its final form. These characteristics, taken together and related through the laws of thermodynamics and kinetics, govern a material's microstructure, and thus its properties. Metallurgy refers to the study of the physical and chemical behaviour of metals and their interactions with each other’s and also the forming and function of alloys. It contains elements of applied physics and chemistry, in addition to chemical, mechanical, civil and electrical engineering. Materials science is also an important part of forensic engineering and failure analysis – investigating materials, products, structures or components, which fail or do not function as intended, causing personal injury or damage to property. The book outlines the processes and applications of metallurgy and materials science in detail. It covers all the important topics of this area. It deals with physical metallurgy, oxidative hydrometallurgy, biomedical application, welding metallurgy, hydrometallurgy, graded materials and structures. It presents the complex subject of metal science in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. The various subfields along with the technological progress that have future implications are glanced at in this book. It is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in these fields. This book is meant for students who are looking for an elaborate reference on materials science and metallurgy.

Preface ..................................................................................................................... v

1. Application of Powder Metallurgy Methods for Production of a Novel

Cu-Based Composite Frictional Train Brake Material ................................... 1

Abstract ........................................................................................................... 1

1. Introduction ................................................................................................... 2

2. Mechanical braking system ......................................................................... 4

3. Experimental results analysis ................................................................... 20

4. Results analysis ........................................................................................... 33

5. Conclusions .................................................................................................. 38

Acknowledgements ..................................................................................... 40

2. Application of Direct Current Plasma Sintering Process in Powder

Metallurgy ............................................................................................................ 43

Abstract ......................................................................................................... 43

1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 44

2. Bases of dc plasma for sintering: the abnor-mal regime glow

discharge ....................................................................................................... 45

3. Plasma environment and chemical-potential setting in sintering ..... 53

4. Plasma heating ............................................................................................. 57

5. Surface-related phenomena for plasma-sintered parts ........................ 60

6. DC plasma sintering advantages over the conventional sintering ..... 62

7. Final remarks ............................................................................................... 64

Acknowledgements ..................................................................................... 64

3. Purification of Rare Earth Amide Salts by Hydrometallurgy and ..................

Electrodeposition of Rare Earth Metals Using Ionic Liquids ..................... 68

Abstract ......................................................................................................... 68

1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 69

2. Experimental ................................................................................................ 71

3. Results and discussion ................................................................................ 76

4. Conclusion .................................................................................................... 89

Acknowledgements ..................................................................................... 90

4. Goals and Contemporary Position of Powder Metallurgy in Products

Manufacturing ..................................................................................................... 93

Abstract ......................................................................................................... 93

1. The basis of the selection of powder metallur-gy technologies for

manufacturing of products, especially products used in medicine and

dentistry ....................................................................................................... 93

2. General characteristic of powder metal-lurgy ....................................... 96

3. General presentation of materials and products manufactured with

the classical powder metallurgy methods ............................................ 101

4. Overview of the selected research problems ........................................ 105

5. Additional information ............................................................................ 108

5. New Processing Routes for Functionally Graded Materials and Structures

through Combinations of Powder Metallurgy and Casting ..................... 110

Abstract ....................................................................................................... 110

1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 111

2. Materials processing ................................................................................. 113

3. Applications of FGMs processed by the centrifugal

sintered-casting ......................................................................................... 121

4. Summary .................................................................................................... 124

Acknowledgements ................................................................................... 124

6. Welding Metallurgy of Corrosion-Resistant Superalloy C-276 ................ 128

Abstract ....................................................................................................... 128

1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 128

2. Problem statement and critical review of the work done .................. 132

3. Conclusions ................................................................................................ 136

Acknowledgements ................................................................................... 137

7. Porous Titanium by Powder Metallurgy for Biomedical Application:

Characterization, Cell Citotoxity and in vivo Tests of

Osseointegration ............................................................................................... 139

1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 139

2. Biomimetic treatment ............................................................................... 143

3. Titanium implants obtained by powder metallurgy technique ....... 145

4. Conclusion .................................................................................................. 165

Acknowledgement ..................................................................................... 166

8. Oxidative Hydrometallurgy of Sulphide Minerals ..................................... 172

1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 172

2. Fundamentals ............................................................................................ 173

3. Cases of study ............................................................................................ 180

4. Conclusion .................................................................................................. 191

5. Acknowledgment ...................................................................................... 192

9. Physical Metallurgy and Drawability of Extra Deep Drawing and

Interstitial Free Steels ....................................................................................... 195

1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 195

2. Recrystallization texture ......................................................................... 197

3. Processing of aluminium killed EDD steels ............................................ 199

4. Recrystallization texture and formability for EDD steel .................... 203

5. On metallurgy of ultra-low carbon inter-stitial-free (IF) steels ......... 214

6. Recrystallization texture and drawability of IF steels ........................ 218

7. Metallurgy of bake hardening steels ...................................................... 226

8. Recrystallization texture and drawability of bake hardening steels230

9. Recrystallization texture and drawability of warm rolled steels .... 233

Citation ................................................................................................................ 247

Index .................................................................................................................... 249

About Author

Harinirina Morin pursued his Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from College of Engineering, Leninsk. He is actively engaged in the researches focused on biomaterials, metallurgy and ceramics. He serves as an Associate Lecturer of Materials Science at Public University, Angarsk. Morin has been the recipient of two awards for his research work in the field of ferrous metallurgy, metalworking and thermal spraying, crystallography of polymers. He has been an active participant at international conferences and forums.