About Book

An interface is a surface forming a common boundary among two different phases of matter, such as an insoluble solid and a liquid, two immiscible liquids, a liquid and an insoluble gas or liquid and vacuum. The importance of the interfaced depends on the type of system: the bigger the quotient area/volume, the more effect the surface phenomena will have. Therefore, interface is very important in systems with big area to volume ratios, such as colloids. Interfaces can be flat or curved. Both surface and interfacial tension are important in many industrial applications. Chemistry of interfaces and surfaces play a key role in understanding a number of diverse phenomena from wetting, heterogeneous catalysis, biosensing, atmospheric chemical reactions, electrochemical processes and nanoparticle behaviour. This book explores all the important aspects of surface and interfacial chemistry in the present day scenario. It elucidates the different techniques and methods used in this subject matter. It deals with surface chemistry, aqueous solution, diamond surface chemistry, surface functionalization, anticorrosive structures, surface treatment, silicon carbide surface and modified polypropylene. Such selected concepts that redefine this field have been presented in this book. The various subfields of this discipline along with technological progress that have future implications are glanced at in great detail. For all those who are interested in Chemistry, this book can prove to be an essential guide.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Surface Treatment of Titanium Alloys in Oxygen-Containing Gaseous Medium........................................................................................1

Abstract...................................................................................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................2

2. Regularities of solid solution hardening of surface layers of

titanium alloys (α, near-α, and α + β) depending on conditions of

thermodiffusion saturation in rarefied gaseous medium containing

oxygen.....................................................................................................3

3. Correlation between parameters of surface strengthening layers . of different titanium alloys and their fatigue properties............20

4. Conclusions..........................................................................................33

Chapter 2 Formation of Anticorrosive Structures and Thin Films on Metal Surfaces by Applying EDM...................................................................35

Abstract.................................................................................................35

1. Introduction..........................................................................................36

2. Methodology of experimental investigations................................40

3. Results...................................................................................................46

4. Conclusions..........................................................................................61

Chapter 3 Simulation of Diamond Surface Chemistry: Reactivity and Properties....................................................................................................66

Abstract.................................................................................................66

1. Introduction..........................................................................................66

2. Methods and methodologies............................................................68

3. Surface reactivities..............................................................................69

4. Energetic stability of surface termination......................................72

5. Effect by terminating species on the diamond surface electronic

structure................................................................................................76

6. Effect by doping on the diamond surface electronic structure.78

7. Conclusions..........................................................................................81

Acknowledgements.............................................................................81

Chapter 4 Surface Modification of Polystyrene by Nitrogen Plasma

Treatment....................................................................................................86

Abstract.................................................................................................86

1. Introduction..........................................................................................86

2. Experimental........................................................................................89

3. Results and discussions.....................................................................91

4. Conclusions........................................................................................104

Acknowledgements...........................................................................104

Chapter 5 Sol-Gel Process for Surface Modification of Leather....................108

Abstract...............................................................................................108

1. Introduction........................................................................................109

2. Experimental......................................................................................112

3. Results and discussion.....................................................................115

4. Conclusions........................................................................................123

Acknowledgements...........................................................................123

Chapter 6 Materials and Processing for Gate Dielectrics on Silicon Carbide

(SiC) Surface............................................................................................128

1. Introduction........................................................................................128

2. Selection of gate dielectrics.............................................................129

3. Dielectric breakdown field..............................................................132

4. Materials chemistry of high K oxides...........................................132

5. Depositions method..........................................................................136

6. Electrical behavior of dielectric material......................................141

7. Charge management in SiO2 on 4H-SiC......................................149

8. The Metal Oxide Silicon Carbide (MOSiC) band diagram......152

Chapter 7 Aqueous Solution Surface Chemistry of Carbon Nanotubes......159

1. Introduction........................................................................................159

2. Overview of analytical techniques: stre-ngths and

weaknesses.........................................................................................160

3. Functionalizing carbon nanotubes.................................................162

4. Applications of functionalized carbon na-notubes.....................167

5. Effect of functionalization on colloidal stability.........................171

6. Conclusions........................................................................................176

Acknowledgements...........................................................................176

Chapter 8 Study of Adhesion and Surface Properties of Modified

Polypropylene..........................................................................................181

1. Introduction........................................................................................181

2. Experimental......................................................................................184

3. Results and discussion.....................................................................189

4. Conclusion..........................................................................................220

5. Acknowledgement.............................................................................221

Chapter 9 Charaterization of Pore Structure and Surface Chemistry of

Activated Carbons – A Review ..........................................................227

1. Introduction........................................................................................227

2. Characterization.................................................................................232

3. Conclusion..........................................................................................251

4. Acknowledgment..............................................................................251

Chapter 10 Impacts of Surface Functionalization on the Electrocatalytic

Activity of Noble Metals and Nanoparticles...................................260

1. Introduction........................................................................................260

2. Surface modification of massive single cry-stal planes.............262

3. Surface-functionalization of metal nano-particles with improved

electrocatalytic properties ..............................................................268

4. Conclusion..........................................................................................278

5. Acknowledgments.............................................................................279

Citation......................................................................................................287

Index...........................................................................................................289

About Author

Stanley Brennan pursued his Ph.D. in Electrochemistry from Public Science University, Wagga. His primary areas of scholarly and research interests lie in the fields of electrolysis, oxidation and redox reactions. He is a visiting professor in many leading universities across Europe and teaches courses on electrochemistry. Brennan has numerous papers, articles and book chapters to his credit. His works have been published in various books as reference materials for researchers. He has also been an invited speaker at various international conferences on virtual reality.