About Book

Environmental hydraulics is a multidisciplinary field combining technological, environmental, economic, and sociological interests in a wide context. Engineering soundness and economic feasibility are no longer sufficient criteria for construction of hydraulic works. As a result, environmental considerations have become very much a part of hydraulic has expanded and a new branch, called Environmental Hydraulics, has emerged. The focus of this branch is on hydraulic analyses of those environmental issues that are important for protection, restoration, and management of environmental quality. Hydraulics in Environmental Engineering is intended to provide a hydraulic discussion of some of the key environmental issues. This area of civil engineering is intimately related to the design of bridges, dams, channels, canals, and levees, and to both sanitary and environmental engineering. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to environmental engineering. It provides detailed information about taguchi method, mass transfer models, AHP method, helminths, sustainable flood management, fusion study, hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic cement and hydraulic stimulation. The topics included in this book offer deep insights about the methods and techniques used in this area. Also included herein is a detailed explanation of the various concepts and applications of environmental engineering. It is a complete source of knowledge on the present status of this important field. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to graduates and post-graduates involved in this area at various levels.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Fusion Study of Geography and Environmental Engineering........1

Abstract ..................................................................................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................1

2. Urban energy planning........................................................................3

3. Assessment of urban climate..............................................................6

4. Estimation of past urban climate.....................................................11

5. Conclusion............................................................................................17

Acknowledgements.............................................................................17

Conflict of interest..............................................................................17

Chapter 2 Historical, Hydrological and Hydraulics Studies for Sustainable Flood Management...................................................................................21

Abstract ................................................................................................21

1. Introduction..........................................................................................22

2. Data and methods .............................................................................24

3. Results and discussion .....................................................................29

4. Conclusions .........................................................................................36

Acknowledgements ...........................................................................36

Chapter 3 Helminths and their Role in Environmental Engineering ...........39

Abstract.................................................................................................39

1. Introduction ........................................................................................40

2. Helminth egg content in wastewater and sludge........................42

3. Prevalence of helminthiasis...............................................................43

4. Guidelines and regulations...............................................................45

5. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA)..........................47

6. Wastewater treatment processes......................................................51

7. Sludge stabilization.............................................................................52

8. Analytical techniques.........................................................................54

9. Final remarks.......................................................................................56

Chapter 4 Application of the AHP Method in Environmental Engineering:

Three Case Studies...................................................................................67

Abstract ................................................................................................67

1. Introduction..........................................................................................68

2. Comparative analysis of municipal solid waste systems:

Cracow case study..............................................................................69

3. Drinking water consumption in Cracow: an assessment from

sustainable development perspective..............................................80

4. Developing environmentally sound selection method for heating

appliances using ecolabeling and Analytic Hierarchy Process..89

5. Conclusions..........................................................................................98

Acronyms..............................................................................................99

Chapter 5 Application of Mass Transfer Models in Environmental

Engineering...............................................................................................104

Abstract ..............................................................................................104

1. Introduction ......................................................................................104

2. Ion Exchange (IE) ............................................................................111

3. Biological Activated Carbon (BAC) .............................................115

4. Chlorination process .......................................................................121

5. Carbonation process ........................................................................127

6. Summary ...........................................................................................137

Chapter 6 Taguchi Method Applied to Environmental Engineering............142

1. Introduction........................................................................................142

2. Advanced oxidation processes.......................................................143

3. Heterogeneous photocatalysis........................................................144

4. Benefits of advanced oxidation processes....................................145

5. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)................................................146

6. Design of Experiments (DOE)........................................................146

7. Taguchi method.................................................................................147

8. Materials..............................................................................................147

9. Results and discussion.....................................................................148

10. Conclusions........................................................................................152

Acknowledgements...........................................................................153

Chapter 7 A New Approach to Hydraulic Stimulation of Geothermal

Reservoirs by Roughness Induced Fracture Opening...................157

Abstract...............................................................................................157

1. Introduction........................................................................................158

2. Simulation of fluid flow and heat tra-nsfer................................163

3. Fracture network generation...........................................................167

4. Results and discussions...................................................................168

5. Conclusions........................................................................................174

Chapter 8 Utilization of Coal Combustion By-Products and Green Materials

for Production of Hydraulic Cement.................................................178

1. Introduction........................................................................................178

2. Waste materials converted into hydraulic cements...................181

3. Conclusions........................................................................................201

Chapter 9 Field Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Rocks............208

1. Introduction........................................................................................208

2. Method................................................................................................211

3. Field tests............................................................................................215

4. Results.................................................................................................221

5. Conclusion..........................................................................................230

6. Acknowledgment..............................................................................231

Citation......................................................................................................237

Index...........................................................................................................239

About Author

Aleksei Willis is Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering from Technical University, Pariaman. He is an Associate Professor at Engineering College, Perlis. He is focused in the field of ozone depletion, hydrogeological characterization, hydrochemical studies, hydrogeophysics and groundwater modelling. He has contributed numerous research papers in various journals and books. He has organized many training programs, workshops and conferences in the field of hydrogeology. He has been an eminent speaker in seminars across Asia, Europe and America.