About Book

Chemical reactions are processes that transform chemical substances to create new substances with different identities. Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions and redox reactions. Traditionally, these processes involve solely the movement of electrons in forming and breaking bonds between atoms; processes that change the composition of nuclei are nuclear reactions. Equations are often used to represent the path from starting materials to end products and provide details such as reaction conditions, stoichiometry and intermediates. The production of many man-made chemicals such as drugs, plastics, food additives, fabrics depend on organic reactions. This book provides an extensive coverage of various organic reaction and rearrangements with emphasis on their application. It provides a theoretical framework that interprets how structure influences both mechanisms and rates of organic reactions. It focuses on mechanistic studies, gas chromatography, decontamination reactions, transformation reactions, evolution reactions, light irradiation and electrocyclic reaction. It discusses the recent trends and discoveries in this highly applicable field. The various subfields along with technological progress that have future implications are glanced at in it. It is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Electron Donor-Acceptor Organic Polymers by “Click” Type Cycloaddition/Retroelectrocyclization Reaction..................................1

Abstract...................................................................................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................1

2. Synthesis of electron donor-acceptor organic polymers...............5

3. Summary and perspectives...............................................................23

Chapter 2 Organic Reactions Promoted by Metal-Free Organic Dyes Under Visible Light Irradiation.........................................................................32

Abstract ................................................................................................32

1. Introduction..........................................................................................32

2. Eosin Y and eosin B...........................................................................33

3. Rose Bengal..........................................................................................38

4. Fluorescein and rhodamine B...........................................................42

5. Methylene blue and acridine red.....................................................44

6. Riboflavin tetraacetate........................................................................46

7. Concluding remarks...........................................................................46

Chapter 3 Metal‐Organic Frameworks and their Applications in Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions..........................................................52

Abstract.................................................................................................52

1. Introduction..........................................................................................53

2. Overview of metal‐organic frameworks.........................................54

3. HER/OER..............................................................................................57

4. MOFs‐based catalysts for HER.........................................................59

5. MOFs-based catalysts for OER.........................................................63

6. Conclusions..........................................................................................68

Acknowledgements.............................................................................69

Chapter 4 Recent Advances in Guanidine-Based Organocatalysts in Stereo

selective Organic Transformation Reactions......................................77

Abstract ...............................................................................................77

1. Introduction..........................................................................................77

2. Guanidine-based asymmetric organocatalysis..............................81

3. Applications of asymmetric organocatalysts.................................83

4. Other important reactions using chiral guanidine

organocatalyst......................................................................................98

5. Conclusion..........................................................................................101

Chapter 5 Application of Gas Chromatography in Monitoring of Organic and

Decontamination Reactions..................................................................106

1. Introduction ......................................................................................106

2. Monitoring of organic reactions by GC ......................................106

3. Monitoring of decontamination reaction of chemical reaction for

chemical warfare agent....................................................................114

4. Identification of tear gas compounds in air ..............................121

5. Conclusion ........................................................................................125

Chapter 6 Recent Strategies in Organic Reactions Catalyzed by Phase Transfer

Catalysts and Analyzed by Gas Chromatography..........................129

1. Introduction........................................................................................129

2. Phase transfer catalyst assisted organic reactions followed by

gas chromatography .......................................................................132

3. Conclusions .....................................................................................161

Chapter 7 Fundamental Mechanistic Studies of the Photo-Fenton Reaction

for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants......................................169

1. Introduction ......................................................................................169

2. The principal advanced oxidation processes (AOP) ................170

3. The Fenton reaction..........................................................................172

4. The Photo-Fenton reaction..............................................................174

5. Areas for future development ......................................................186

6. Conclusions .......................................................................................188

7. Acknowledgment..............................................................................188

Citation......................................................................................................199

Index...........................................................................................................201

About Author

Roberts Cordova received his Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from Scientific University, Zurich. His interests include the teaching organic chemistry, chemical education and determination of the structures of natural products using spectroscopic methods, both for lecture presentation and for the simulation of laboratories. He is serving as a Forensic Analyst for several government agencies across Europe. Cordova is on the editorial board of several renowned journals; and has edited over 50 technical papers and six reference books. He is also an active member of several scientific and technical societies.