About Book

Animal production plays an important role in most small-scale farming systems throughout the world. They provide traction to cultivate fields, manure to maintain crop productivity, and nutritious food products for human consumption and income-generation. Despite the importance of livestock, inadequate livestock nutrition is a common problem in the developing world, and a major factor affecting the development of viable livestock industries in poor countries. Global livestock production is going to be more and more sophisticated in order to improve efficiency needed to supply the rising demand for animal protein of a growing, more urban and affluent population. Technological advances and the development of science-based management practices and standards have enabled to make vast strides in the efficient and economical generation of higher-quality animal foods and fiber products. The health and quality of livestock is influenced by genetics, care, nutrition and environment. Research and technology generation seeking ways to overcome food insecurity and poverty are therefore essential for agricultural and rural development. This book emphasizes on trends and technologies in animal production and feeding. It sheds light on clostridial spores, pesticides residues in animal feed, mixtures of legumes, aflatoxins in feedstuffs, advantages and disadvantages to the animal and animal feed sampling and analysis. Details about possible production of genome-edited animals are also covered herein. This compendium will be of immense interest for students, researchers, as well as practitioners associated with dairy science, animal science, nutrition, physiology, biochemistry, veterinary medicine and other related fields.

Preface............................................................................................................ v

Chapter 1 Possible Production of Genome-Edited Animals Using Gene-

Engineered Sperm.......................................................................................1

Abstract...................................................................................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................2

2. Historical background of TMGT-related experiments...................6

3. Historical background of SMGT-based AI.....................................24

4. Exosomes as a possible carrier to deliver genetic materials to sperm.....................................................................................................25

5. Genome-editing sperm.......................................................................27

6. Proposal of new experimental systems for simple creation of genome-edited animals using in vivo or in vitro transfected

sperm.....................................................................................................29

7. Conclusion............................................................................................33

Acknowledgements.............................................................................33

Conflicts of Interest.............................................................................33

Chapter 2 Some Aspects of Animal Feed Sampling and Analysis..................48

Abstract.................................................................................................48

1. Introduction..........................................................................................49

2. Animal feed and food supply chain...............................................50

3. Feed hazards........................................................................................50

4. Methods of analysis in the feed industry......................................54

5. Some aspects of and considerations in feed sampling...............58

6. Conclusion............................................................................................63

Chapter 3 Goat System Productions: Advantages and Disadvantages to the

Animal, Environment and Farmer........................................................67

Abstract.................................................................................................67

1. Introduction..........................................................................................68

2. Material and methods........................................................................68

3. The origin.............................................................................................69

4. Goat production in the world..........................................................71

5. Characteristics of goat production systems...................................76

6. Models of goat production systems................................................78

7. Conclusion............................................................................................81

Chapter 4 A Focus on Aflatoxins in Feedstuffs: Levels of Contamination,

Prevalence, Control Strategies, and Impacts on Animal Health...86

Abstract.................................................................................................86

1. Introduction..........................................................................................87

2. Aflatoxins in animal feed..................................................................87

3. Effects of aflatoxins on food-producing animals..........................96

4. Control and management approaches..........................................105

5. Conclusions and perspectives.........................................................115

Acknowledgements...........................................................................115

Chapter 5 Oregano Essential Oil in Animal Production..................................133

Abstract...............................................................................................133

1. Introduction........................................................................................133

2. Oregano essential oil in animal production................................134

3. Oregano essential oil in the meat industry.................................135

4. Conclusions........................................................................................138

Chapter 6 Mixtures of Legumes with Cereals as a Source of Feed for

Animals.....................................................................................................147

1. Introduction........................................................................................147

2. Material and methods......................................................................148

3. Nutritional value of legume-cereal mixtures

(whole-crop silage and grain).........................................................157

4. Weed infestation of legume-cereal mixtures...............................161

5. Undersown crop of serradella in cereals.....................................162

6. Conclusions........................................................................................164

Acknowledgements...........................................................................165

Chapter 7 Occurrence of Organochlorine Pesticides Residues in Animal Feed

and Fatty Bovine Tissue........................................................................174

1. Introduction........................................................................................174

2. Aim of the research..........................................................................180

3. Experimental......................................................................................180

4. Results and disussion.......................................................................185

Chapter 8 Clostridial Spores in Animal Feeds and Milk................................200

1. Introduction........................................................................................200

2. The Clostridium ...............................................................................200

3. Contamination of animal feeds and raw milk ..........................205

4. Clostridium botulinum....................................................................218

Citation......................................................................................................225

Index...........................................................................................................227

About Author

Shay Cameron holds Ph.D. in Animal Science from Public Science University, Moreno. She has written numerous research papers on animal production and animal nutrition. Her areas of researches are poultry production, animal biotechnology, animal breeding, livestock and environment, veterinary immunology and microbial genetics. She is an Associate Professor of Animal and Veterinary Science at University College, Pernambuco. Cameron has also served as a reviewer for several well-known animal welfare and veterinary science journals.