About Book

Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow of electric charge. Electricity gives a wide variety of well-known effects, such as lightning, static electricity, electromagnetic induction and electric current. In addition, electricity permits the creation and reception of electromagnetic radiation such as radio waves. Magnetism is a class of physical phenomena that are mediated by magnetic fields. Electric currents and the magnetic moments of elementary particles give rise to a magnetic field, which acts on other currents and magnetic moments. Every material is influenced to some extent by a magnetic field. Everyday modern life is pervaded by electromagnetic phenomena. Electric clocks and connections link simple devices of this kind into complex systems such as traffic lights that are timed and synchronized with the speed of vehicular flow. Radio and television sets receive information carried by electromagnetic waves traveling through space at the speed of light. This book aims to provide detailed information about this vast subject. It gives thorough insights into the various subfields of this area. It provides in-depth detail of electricity sector, low-carbon energy, reformulation of electromagnetism, electromagnetic compatibility, electricity market efficiency, quantum antiferromagnetism, piezoelectricity, electricity sustainability and magnetism modelling. It is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in the field of electromagnetic. Such selected concepts that redefine this field have been presented in this book. Different approaches, evaluations and methodologies on electrical engineering have been included in it. This book is meant for students who are looking for an elaborate reference on this field.

Preface............................................................................................................v

Chapter 1 Introductory Chapter: Electromagnetism..............................................1

1. Introduction............................................................................................1

2. Electromagnetic spectrum...................................................................3

3. Maxwell’s equations...........................................................................10

Chapter 2 Molecular Magnetism Modeling with Applications in Spin Crossover Compounds.............................................................................14

Abstract.................................................................................................14

1. Introduction..........................................................................................14

2. Modeling of spin crossover compounds........................................16

3. Conclusions..........................................................................................38

Chapter 3 Combining AHP Method with BOCR Merits to Analyze the Outcomes of Business Electricity Sustainability..............................47

Abstract.................................................................................................47

1. Introduction..........................................................................................48

2. BOCR sub-nets developments for business electricity

sustainability........................................................................................49

3. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) development..........................51

4. An overview on AHP-BOCR concept development....................53

5. Economic criteria and cost-benefit analysis...................................55

6. Electricity sustainability development............................................57

7. Conclusion and future work.............................................................62

Acknowledgements.............................................................................64

Chapter 4 Application of the Piezoelectricity in an Active and Passive Health

Monitoring System...................................................................................67

1. Introduction..........................................................................................67

2. Experimental procedure....................................................................69

3. Experimental results and discussion...............................................79

4. Conclusions..........................................................................................89

Appendix A: Layup and geometry of the structure...................90

Appendix B: Material Data for the 913C-HTA.............................90

Acknowledgements.............................................................................90

Chapter 5 Ion-Exchange Reactions for Two-Dimensional Quantum

Antiferromagnetism..................................................................................94

1. Introduction..........................................................................................94

2. Crystal structures and magnetic properties .................................97

3. Conclusion..........................................................................................116

Acknowledgement............................................................................118

Chapter 6 Time Reversal for Electromagnetism: Applications in

Electromagnetic Compatibility............................................................125

1. Introduction........................................................................................125

2. Time reversal basis...........................................................................127

3. Theoretical principles.......................................................................130

4. Definitions, numerical methodologies and outputs...................133

5. Numerical results..............................................................................139

6. EMC application and selective focusing......................................151

7. Conclusions........................................................................................157

Chapter 7 Reformulation of Electromagnetism with Differential Forms.....161

1. Introduction........................................................................................161

2. The vacuum impedance as a fundamental constant.................163

3. Dual space and differential forms.................................................166

4. The Maxwell equations in the differential forms.......................171

5. Twisted forms and parity................................................................173

6. Relativistic formulae.........................................................................177

7. Differential forms in Minkowski spacetime................................180

8. Conclusion..........................................................................................188

9. Acknowledgment..............................................................................189

Chapter 8 Analysis of Time Dependent Valuation of Emission Factors from

the Electricity Sector..............................................................................191

1. Introduction........................................................................................191

2. Traditional methodologies to estimate GHG emission factors

from the electricity generation sector...........................................192

3. Accuracy of GHG emission factors...............................................193

4. GHG emission factor methodologies............................................194

5. Test case scenario..............................................................................198

6. Results.................................................................................................198

7. Conclusion..........................................................................................204

8. Recommendations.............................................................................204

9. Appendix A........................................................................................205

Chapter 9 An Analysis of the Effect of Renewable Energies on Spanish

Electricity Market Efficiency.................................................................212

1. Introduction........................................................................................212

2. The effect of renewable energy on wholesale electricity

market.................................................................................................215

3. The promotion of the renewable energies in spain in the

framework of the European Union...............................................218

4. The impact of RES-E on electricity prices. A maximum entropy

econometric estimated model .......................................................223

5. Conclusion..........................................................................................230

Chapter 10 Assessment of the Decoupling of GHGs and Electricity Costs

Through the Development of Low-Carbon Energy Technology in

Taiwan........................................................................................................236

1. Introduction........................................................................................236

2. Methodology......................................................................................238

3. Scenario design and Incorporating the learning effect.............239

4. Results.................................................................................................240

5. Conclusion..........................................................................................241

6. Appendix............................................................................................242

Citation......................................................................................................245

Index...........................................................................................................247

About Author

Doreen Prudhomme received her Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the State Science University, Calgary. She is actively engaged in the researches focused on microelectronics, power engineering and signal processing. She serves as an Associate Lecturer at Public Research University, Nayarit and has also been presented the “Teacher of the Year” award. Prudhomme has written 5 books and numerous articles in the diverse areas of electrical engineering. She is also on the editorial board of several renowned international journals.